Section 8.11). A chemical bond is a force holding two atoms together.
2). Ions form because atom either gain of lose electrons. 3). The nobel gas family is usually un-reactive because they have full out electron layers. 4). A positive ion forms when an atom loses and electron. Likewise a negative ion is made when an atom gains an electron. 5). a. 1s2 2s2 1p3 + 1p6 b. 1s2 2s2 1p6 3s2 2p4 + 2p6 c. 1s2 2s2 1p6 3s2 2p6 4s2 1d10 3p6 5s2 2d10 4p6 6s2 -- 6s2 d. 1s2 2s1 -- 2s1 | Section 8.212). An ionic bond is the electrostatic force holding two oppositely charged atoms together.
13). An ionic bond forms when a negative ion and a positive ion come together. 14). Shape, color, hardness 15). The positive ions are surrounded by negative ions. 16). Lattice energy is the force it takes to pull one mole of the ions away from the bond. 17). -808/ -769/ -671/ -632 18). Sr = 1s2 2s2 1p6 3s2 2p6 4s2 1d10 3p6 5s2 Cl = 1s2 2s2 1p6 3s2 2p5 Sr -- 4s2 1d10 3p6 5s2 = 1s2 2s2 1p6 3s2 2p6 (like Argon) Sr is now a negative ion. Cl (being nonmetal) is attracted to negative energy & links to Sr to form an ionic compound. | Section 8.334). A monatomic ion is an ion with only one atom. A polyatomic ion has many atoms.
Monatomic = K Polyatomic = K2 35). You look at the charges and make sure they cancel each other out. This causes you to add more atoms to the anion (subscripts). 36). A polyatomic ion is called an oxyanion. THey are usually made of nonmetals. 37). They are polyatomic ions of the same element and have at least one oxygen atom. When the ion has more oxygen atoms it is named with the root of the element and the suffix -ate. If they have fewer oxygen atoms, they take the root of the element and the suffix -ite. | Section 8.440). The attraction of a metal for delocalized electrons is called a metallic bond.
41). The strength of the bond explains how metals are such good conductors and they have high melting points. 42). An alloy is a mixture of elements connected by metallic bonds. 43). A substitutional alloy has atoms of metals replaced by atoms of similar size. Interstitial alloys are made when small holes in a metallic crystal are filled with smaller atoms. 44). You could test the melting points. If the melting point is high, it would be a metallic bond. |